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LECTURE:
MEDIEVAL SOCIAL CULTURE

Outside Influences

• Nobles triumph over kings
  Document: Magna Carta (1215)
• Faith and reason reconciled
  Document: Thomas Aquinas: Summa Theologica (c.1270)
  Document: Chartres Cathedral (12th century)
  Document: Reliquary of St. Ursula

Medieval sexuality

• sin (from the Catholic Encyclopedia)
• celibacy and marriage
• St. Paul -- celibacy
• St. Augustine -- sex
• Church view of marriage
  • Edward Gibbon on the Early Church Fathers and sex
  • Gratian on marriage (who was Gratian?)
  • church ceremony required
• sexual practices
  • 5 sins and their punishments
    • four levels of sexual sin (Peter Damian, 11th c.)
    • Innocent III solves marital problems

Women's Image: Eve --> Mary

• woman as Eve (11th-12th c)
• new ideas and mariolatry
  Psalter image
• contrary view (14th c.)

Chivalry and courtly love

• chansons de geste
  Document from last unit: Song of Roland
• lyric poetry -- troubadors
  • as creators of romantic love
  • listen to a song: Marcabru
  • "ladies" as patrons: Bernard's poem
• The Rules
  Document: Andreas Capellanus: The Art of Courtly Love (1174-1186)

Women's Work

• townswomen guild essay
• mid-wives Trotula of Salerno

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