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LECTURE:
REFORMATIONS

Christian Humanism

• mystic faith
  Web document: Thomas à Kempis: Imitation of Christ (15th c) on scripture, on imitation
• printing press
• Northern humanism
  Web document: Thomas More: Religions of the Utopians (1516)

Church practices and abuses

• clerical immorality and ignorance
• pluralism and absenteeism
• wordly popes
• indulgences sold

Martin Luther

• Johann Tetzel
• Document: Ninety-Five Theses (1517)
• sacraments
• political implications
  Twelve Articles of Swabian peasants (summary)
• art and propaganda
  Document: Lucas Cranach: Christ and Antichrist
  Document: Reformation Woodcut

Expansion of Protestantism

• John Calvin picture
  Document: John Calvin: On the Christian Life (c. 1559)
• Anabaptism
• divisions of sects briefly
• The English Reformation

Catholic Reformation

• historical controversy
• Pope Paul III
  bio and anti-slavery document
  • new orders: Ursuline nuns,
    Jesuit priests USA, Loyola's Spiritual Exercises
  • inquisition a defense
  • Council of Trent (1545-63)
    On Prohibited Books
    On Religious Art
• Baroque art and spirituality:
  St. Theresa of Avila
  Document: St. Teresa of Avila: My Life
  Document: Bernini: Ecstasy of St. Teresa
  Discussion of Baroque art and links to images

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