Africa.
Industry/agriculture: varied
palm oil, iron, gold, salt, ivory, slaves, root crops, cattle
Religion: Islam, Christianity, naturalistic
Islam, especially in North Africa (see India)
Christianity (see Europe); many sects as old as the Roman Church,
especially in East Africa
naturalistic; tribal religions based in nature and the community.
Philosophy: varied
variety due to basis on natural world, which varies from rain forest to
desert; natural philosophies focus on village or tribe
Historical thinking: cyclical
based on generations of people, genealogy.
Social structure: stratified or tribal
strict class structure when necessary for trade and allocation of scarce
resource; tribes have strict division of labor.
Gender relations: varied
in some tribes, women have high rank; in some areas, men focus on
controlling females.
View of other cultures: others different, unusual.
Desirable imports: spices, tobacco, technology, food.